We are... So, to reframe the inquiry: who are we on a metaphysical level? Which aspects of ourselves are the most universally representative of who we are? How do we fare in the face of the passage of time? For decades, philosophers have debated the concept of diachronic personal identity, which focuses on the question of what keeps us alive. An intricate debate has developed between those who hold the body view (animalism) and those who hold the psychological view (memory) on the question of who we are. The two groups will eventually become so firmly set in their views that they will be unable to compromise. Hylomorphic animalism, or the view that Humans are rational animals, living bodies made of prime matter and a rational soul, is an alternative answer to this divisive question that I propose in this study, following in the footsteps of Aristotle and Aquinas. We only survive if matter and rational souls do.

Modern systems have four basic components: hardware, software, organizational, and Human. With the development of new technologies and systems, the hardware and software Reliability has increased dramatically during the past decades, while in many cases the Human Reliability has remained either unchanged or even deteriorated over the same period as the result of complexity of systems. Human interactions are an important factor during the design, installation, production and operation, and maintenance phases of a product or system. The capacity of Human beings to make mistakes and errors has been recognized since the beginning of recorded history. The new view on Human error is that you can see the Human error as the symptom of deeper trouble, in this case, Human error is not a cause of failure. Human error is the effect, or symptom, of deeper trouble inside a system. It is not fair, logical and professionally ethical and sound for experts in the field of Human factors and safety to say that Human is recognized as the cause of as the matter of fact it is the failure of design and operation team and those who were unable to predict and mitigate source of Human failure. This paper review was examined and summarized the history, significance, concepts, contributing factors, and all invented analytical methods and procedures in a systematic Human Reliability assessment (HRA). Furthermore, available Human Reliability data banks were introduced and elaborated. The challenges and issues in the field of Human Reliability field were later highlighted and emphasized. Lastly, the expected directions for future works by researchers and practitioners were suggested.

Background: In spite of many advantages in Lenke classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, the latest study of Richards et al showed that the King classification is better than had been reported recently and the Lenke classification system of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is less reliable than previously reported.Methods: In this study, we performed a multi-surgeon comparison of these two classification systems. After teaching and discussing all available data of these classification systems with four spine surgeons, a pilot classification was performed. Then, they independently evaluated preoperative radiographs (standing posteroanterior, lateral, and two supine side-bending views) of 99 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The results were determined by calculating the average percentage of intraobserver and interobserver agreement. Reliability was quantified using kappa statistics.Findings: The King classification demonstrated good intraobserver and interobserver Reliability, with an intraobserver agreement of 85.8% (kappa coefficient, 0.80). Interobserver percentage of agreement averaged 80.8% (kappa coefficient, 0.74). The complete Lenke classification, combining curve type, lumbar modifier, and sagittal thoracic modifier, demonstrated good Reliability for both intraobserver and interobserver measurements. The intraobserver percentage of agreement averaged 85.8% (kappa coefficient, 0.82). The interobserver percentage of agreement averaged 80.8% (kappa coefficient, 0.77).Conclusion: In this study, with each investigator performing the radiographic measurements, the King and Lenke classifications were almost similar (the Lenke classification had slightly better results). Such better results might be due to more training of this complex classification system. So, because of greater coverage of idiopathic scoliosis curve and usefulness of Lenke classification system, we prefer using this classification system in our center.

Background: Ameloblastoma an odontogenic tumor of ectodermal origin has been reported to arise, on rare occasions, in a primordial or dentigerous cyst of a young person. Numerous authors have suggested differing nomenclatures for these ameloblastomas and have sought to describe and classify the clinical and histopathologic features. These tumors have been characterized as a distinct variant exhibiting less aggressive behavior and a lower rate of recurrence than conventional ameloblastoma.Aims: This study was designed to look at the Human papilloma virus as a caurse for Ameloblastoma.Materials and Methods: Samples of Ameloblastoma tumors were traced from the filing system in path lab Beheshti Dental School. Using PCR technique a search was carried out to dated HPV in DNA of samples.Results: There was a clear relationship between the rates of HPV in Ameloblastoma cases.Conclusion: HPV could be a preparing factor for Ameloblastoma.

The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is one of the most widely used personality questionnaires, but very few studies have been conducted on its psychometric properties in Iranian population. This study was carried out with the aim of studying the psychometric properties of the BFI questionnaire. For this purpose, 390 university students in Tehran (210 girls and 180 boys) with an age range of 18 to 56 years (M = 27.52; SD = 8.79) were selected using the convenience sampling method and completed BFI and NEO-FFI questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha, multitrait-multimethod matrix, and confirmatory factor analysis were used to estimate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that 15 of the 44 items did not have a strong factor loading (higher than 0.40) on the corresponding factors and were therefore removed from the questionnaire. The fit indices showed that the Persian version of 29 questions (BFI-29) with 5 factors has a good fit with the data. The Reliability analysis also showed that the range of Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the factors is from 0.70 to 0.79. The lowest Cronbach's alpha coefficient was related to agreeableness factor and the highest was related to conscientiousness. The findings from the multitrait-multimethod matrix showed that the BFI-29 questionnaire has good convergent and divergent validity with the NEO-FFI questionnaire. In general, based on the results of the present study, it can be said that the BFI-29 questionnaire has desirable psychometric properties and whenever a short tool for personality measurement is needed, this questionnaire can be used.

Background: Accidents caused by Human error often lead to severe incidents. Correctly understanding Human errors is essential to prevent such occurrences. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to conduct a scientometric analysis of Human error research in various industries.Methods: This study was conducted using scientometric methods. It includes all articles published and indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database. The study is a review that aims to synthesize and analyze the existing literature. In total, 845 articles were included in this study. VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, an R package, were used to perform the scientometric analysis of these articles.Results: Industrial Human error research is generally related to marine safety and accidents, the aviation industry, nuclear power plants, oil and petrochemical industries, occupational accident analysis, occupational fatigue, ergonomic issues, safety analysis of process systems, and the construction industry. Concepts such as “Human error,” “Human Reliability analysis,” and “Human Reliability” (with frequencies of 196, 113, and 64, respectively) were identified as the most frequently used keywords in the field of Human error research.Conclusion: The co-occurrence map of keywords in Human error reveals that most studies focus on diagnosis and assessment rather than preventing Human errors. Only a tiny percentage of studies address the prevention of Human errors. Therefore, greater attention needs to be paid to prevention and protective measures.

Purpose: The purpose of this applied research is to study the effectiveness of gamification on corporate training.  Methodology: A gamified course was designed and implemented to train the location of Fire Hosing Cabinet for 24 employees of a firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research plan (post-test only control group design) the participants of the study were randomly assigned to treatment (12) and control (12) groups and trained for a week.  Conclusion: The descriptive and interpretive result of the posttest analyses indicated the effectiveness of gamification of the training performed for the employees of the firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Moreover, the descriptive result of Gamification Acceptance Questionnaire answered by the members of the experimental group after gamified training indicated that all the participants in the experimental group were satisfied with the gamified training course.